How to evaluate the telemetry volume your workloads generate¶

The resource requirements for COS depend on the ingestion rate of telemetry. In order to correctly size the VM(s) needed for COS, you need to know how much telemetry your workloads generate.

Metrics rate¶

Manual evaluation¶

Find out the metrics endpoint manifest for each observed workload. If it is not documented, you will need to manually count the number of non-comment lines served on the metrics endpoint, for example:

curl -sf localhost:8080/metrics | grep -v "^# " | wc -l

This will give you the number of time series that will be created for the workload, per unit.

Another option is to deploy a temporary pilot Prometheus charm.

With charmed Prometheus¶

Have your deployment sending all metrics to Prometheus (or Mimir) and inspect the 48hr plot for count({__name__=~".+"}). The raw data can also be obtained by querying the Prometheus query endpoint directly:

curl -s --data-urlencode 'query=count({__name__=~".+"})' \
  http://${PROM_UNIT_IP}:9090/api/v1/query

Compare the output to the number of metrics exposed by individual applications. For example, for the postgresql charm,

juju ssh pg/0 curl localhost:9187/metrics | grep -v '^# ' | wc -l

Multiply this value by the scrape frequency (e.g. 1/min), to obtain metrics rate for the given application.

A simplified Juju relations diagram would look as follows:

        graph LR
load[load generator] ---|db| postgresql
postgresql ---|metrics-endpoint| prometheus

Logs rate¶

Manual evaluation¶

The most reliable way to evaluate the logging rate of a workload is with load tests.

Another option is to deploy temporary pilot Loki and Prometheus charms.

With charmed Loki and Prometheus¶

Have your deployment sending all logs to Loki, and inspect the 48hr plot for loki_distributor_*_received_total:

sum(rate(loki_distributor_bytes_received_total[5m]) / 1e9 * 60*60*24)
sum(rate(loki_distributor_lines_received_total[5m]) * 60)

Note that the loki_distributor_*_received_total metrics are generated by Loki. A convenient way to inspect them would be to relate Loki to Prometheus.

        graph LR
load[load generator] ---|db| postgresql
postgresql ---|logging| loki
loki ---|metrics-endpoint| prometheus

Sample collection script¶

#!/bin/bash

PROMQ="http://10.1.166.87:9090/api/v1/query"
PROMQR="http://10.1.166.87:9090/api/v1/query_range"

NOW=$(date +%s)
AGO2d=$((NOW - 60*60*24*2))

echo "Prometheus metric count now:"
curl -s --data-urlencode 'query=count({__name__=~".+"})' $PROMQ \
  | jq '.data.result[].value'

echo "Prometheus metric count in the last 48 hours (may include spikes):"
curl -s --data-urlencode 'query=count({__name__=~".+"})' \
  --data-urlencode "start=$AGO2d" \
  --data-urlencode "end=$NOW" \
  --data-urlencode 'step=1m' $PROMQR \
  | jq '.data.result[].values'

echo "Loki distributor approx Gi/day (extrapolated from a 5m window)"
curl -s --data-urlencode 'query=sum(rate(loki_distributor_bytes_received_total[5m]) / 1e9 * 60*60*24)' $PROMQ \
  | jq '.data.result[].value'

echo "Loki distributor lines/min received (extrapolated from a 5m window)"
curl -s --data-urlencode 'query=sum(rate(loki_distributor_lines_received_total[5m]) * 60)' $PROMQ \
  | jq '.data.result[].value'

echo "Loki distributor lines/min received in the last 48 hours (may include spikes)"
curl -s --data-urlencode 'query=sum(rate(loki_distributor_lines_received_total[5m]) * 60)' \
  --data-urlencode "start=$AGO2d" \
  --data-urlencode "end=$NOW" \
  --data-urlencode 'step=1m' $PROMQR \
  | jq '.data.result[].values'

How to model the load when telemetry volume is not constant¶

Applications may have many knobs and load patterns.

Pick a few of the most significant variables. One or two would be easiest to work with.
Conduct several experiments and record the logging rate and metrics rate as you change the variables.
Curve fit the results, e.g. logs_rate = f1(x, y), metrics_rate = f2(x, y), so your results could be used in a responsive sizing calculator.

Transient bursts may be ignored if they are one-offs (not periodic). Such bursts may be accounted for by a fixed margin.